Multi axis computer numerical control machining is a feasible term in the era of continuous industrial development in the future. It can construct complex shapes and precise features, requiring high manufacturing precision. As a non touch operated machine, it has evolved from aerospace applications to the jewelry manufacturing industry.

What is multi axis machining?

Multi axis machining is a modern machining form used in engineering processes, which can manufacture complex parts through simple settings

There are significant differences between traditional machining (with only X, Y, and Z axes) and multi axis machining concepts. Multi axis machining requires placing more axes on the tool or workpiece. It allows rotation or movement on multiple axes. This convenience helps to achieve advanced processing and accessory design that is usually not possible.

This special process is very common in fields that require complex patterns of parts. For example, multi axis machining makes it easier and more accurate to manufacture turbine blades, engine active components, or surgical implants (referred to as other processes). In addition, this increases productivity and reduces work error rates.

In addition to improving the directional accuracy and delivery time of workpieces, the use of multi axis machining has also promoted the application of high-performance materials. Feasible manufacturing is always evolving towards different lightweight but sturdy materials.

How does multi axis CNC machining work?

Multi axis CNC machining technology involves the application of computer numerical control (CNC) programming. Its purpose is to manufacture parts with moderate complexity. In this operating mode, CNC machines generate complex shapes through multiple axis configurations programmed by CNC code. This vertical type of machine allows for cutting, breaking, or milling of materials in complex discrete structures.

By adjusting these machines according to the direction of the workpiece instead of using separate processes, they can be effectively used to produce multiple designs simultaneously.

Vertical machining applications will inevitably shorten manufacturing lead time and improve accuracy, as they will reduce the possibility of misalignment or misalignment. Most of these processes are highly automated. Therefore, there is no need for manual monitoring.

Types of multi axis CNC machining

There are various types of multi axis machining systems, such as;

Three axis CNC machining

The least complex 3-axis CNC machining technology is a technique that limits motion to the X, Y, and Y coordinate ranges. It is suitable for primary components and standard shapes.

Three axis CNC machining

4-axis CNC machining has additional motion, usually rotational motion along the x-axis, which can achieve more advanced part design. This is very useful for systems that can be easily machined on multiple sides without the need to reposition the system.

Three axis CNC machining

5-axis machining centers are most suitable for handling complex components. This machine offers a variety of complex geometric surfaces, making it ideal for aerospace and medical equipment.

3+2-axis CNC machining

3+2-axis machines are almost all 5-axis machines, but the difference lies in the number of lines along which the machine runs. This is very advantageous for processing features that require appropriate angles.

Three axis CNC machining

The 6-axis machine includes the addition of a rotating axis, aimed at enhancing the manufacturing capability of parts, improving efficiency, and minimizing delivery time by minimizing adjustment requirements.

Three axis CNC machining

The 7-axis machine includes more movements and robotic arms, designed specifically for extraordinary work movements. In addition, it also allows for the execution of very fine tasks with high precision.

Three axis CNC machining

9-axis CNC machining includes turning and milling operations. It allows the formation of complex parts with different configuration shapes in a single setting, thereby improving the efficiency of the production process. It is particularly suitable for the construction of precision engineering components.

12 axis machining

Finally, you can use 12 axis machining, which requires special rotational movements around length and width, as well as a travel axis that moves along both. Therefore, you can use it in the most advanced composite materials, which have specialized applications that require high precision.

How to choose a multi axis machine for your project

Are you looking for a multi axis machine that meets all the requirements and demands of the project? good Just think about the following points.

Understand your project requirements

The first thing you need to do is analyze your investment in the project. Measure the complexity of the parts you want to manufacture. In addition, the accuracy of the material and the final workpiece should also be considered. These factors will help you determine the most suitable response type for your machine.

Choose the correct number of axes

Next, it is important to choose the appropriate number of axes. The number of these axes determines to what extent the machine can manufacture such complex parts. If the parts are relatively simple, then 3-axis or 4-axis is sufficient. However, if the parts are more detailed, a 5-axis machine or even a 6-axis machine may be needed to obtain the required details.

Assess the capability of the machine

Evaluate all specifications and parameters of machine performance, such as spindle speed, power, available tools, etc. In addition, it is necessary to verify whether the machine is suitable for the materials, dimensions, and specifications of the project, such as high-speed machining, automation, and other affordable requirements.

Consider the stiffness and stability of the machine

When ensuring the quality and accuracy of parts, it is necessary to consider the rigidity and stability of the machine. A machine with good rigidity and stability can help reduce quality errors.

Consider total cost of ownership

The last item in TCO's "total cost of ownership" is the cost of machinery and its maintenance, assembly, and operation. Considering all these factors and others, you can choose a multi axis machine that meets your project needs.

Why multi axis machining is the ideal choice for high-precision parts

There are many reasons to prove that multi axis machining is the most effective method for manufacturing high-precision spare parts.

1. Efficient single setup: Multi axis machine tools require multiple operations to be completed in one machine setup, which is both cost-effective and saves time on repositioning. This is a good thing because it can reduce errors, save time, and maintain constant accuracy throughout the entire process.

2. Improve accuracy and precision: Using multiple axes has better tolerances and cutting control than using a single cutting spindle. This is particularly true in industries where tolerances are crucial, especially for aerospace and medical equipment manufacturers.

3. Complex geometric ability: Multi axis machine tools can manufacture structures and shapes that traditional machine tools cannot. Due to this ability, it is suitable for manufacturing parts with complex structures.

4. Improve surface treatment: These machines have added manufacturing processes, requiring sharper cone cutting and transitions for precision. This can achieve better surface smoothness. This reduces the number of precision machining operations required, speeds up the time required to complete the contract, and lowers costs.

5. Reduce the need for fixed devices: In multi axis operations, there are few positioning devices to support the workpiece. This can improve accuracy as the workpiece is fixed in place, reducing the possibility of displacement.

6. Extend tool life: Multi axis machines attempt to control tool wear by changing the cutting angle, thereby retaining more tools to reduce maintenance costs.

7. Large scale production capacity: Multi axis machine tools can produce high imitation parts with precise installation and processing. They are most effective in ensuring consistency in production output quality.

Limitations of multi axis machining in industry

The advantages of multi axis machining capability are obvious. Although this is natural, there are still some drawbacks to the use of this technology, which reduces its scope of application in industry.

High processing cost

These costs include the initial purchase cost and operating cost of purchasing multi axis machines (including maintenance, tool, and energy costs for these machines).

Complex settings and programming

Setting up and programming usually takes a long time, which is a bit complicated. Most complexities involve strategic repositioning of operators, which may increase the required cumulative workload.

Longer lead duration

Due to the more complex programming methods, the delivery time has been extended. However, when the production cycle is short, this may be a disadvantage as there is no turnaround time.

Increased risk of errors

The increase in the number of axes, code processing, and motion increases the possibility of programming errors, as dust on the clutch coating can accumulate on certain blades during mixing. These errors are operator's mistakes. These delays can affect operations and are also expensive to solve.

Skill requirements

Most technicians can program these machines. Therefore, managing such multi axis machines requires professionals who have undergone CNC programming and machine operation training, which are not easily obtainable.

Maintain complexity

Machines always fail to operate because even multi axis machines have insufficient maintenance compared to other machines. Calibration and parts replacement services are essential for maintaining accuracy; This will increase the maintenance burden.

The application of multi axis machining in various industries

This advanced multi axis equipment is also used in many industries because it can manufacture complex and precise parts.

Aerospace industry: The aerospace industry heavily relies on multi axis machining. It produces precision parts such as turbine blades, engine components, and structures. Manufacturers should be aware that a properly functioning machine includes many components with complex designs, precise shapes, and strict requirements.

Automotive industry: Multi axis machine tools help develop complex structures such as engine housings, machine/motor assemblies, and limbs for blade action, damper action, etc.

Medical equipment: Multi axis machining with slight deviations is common in this field. It is suitable for surgical instruments, implants, and prostheses. Biomedical scanners meet the requirement for fault free accuracy in the medical field.

Jewelry industry: Multi axis processing is crucial in manufacturing works such as rings, necklaces, and pendants that contain captivating details. It can enhance the effect of artworks and incorporate excellent details and distortions into the processed components.

Furniture industry: This method can avoid monotony (lack of diversity) in furniture design themes. It can also explore the concepts that designers hope to achieve through multi axis carving.